Introduction: The size of the lithium-ion battery recycling market was estimated at USD 2 billion in 2021. The industry is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21.43% between 2022 and 2030, from USD 4.2 billion in 2022 to USD 24.31 billion. In our rapidly advancing technological age, the demand for energy storage has given rise to the widespread use of lithium-ion...